Aeroplane.



J. GHMI'ELEWSKI.

ABROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 2l, 1913. 1,125,652. 1 1 Patented 12111.19, 1915.

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APPLIOATION FILED JULY 21, 1913.

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AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 2l, 1913.

1,125,652, Patented Jan.19, 1915.

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AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 21, 191s.

1,125,652. Patented Jan. 19, 1915.y

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AERoPLANE.

specification of metter raten.

Patented Jan. 19, 1915.

Application tiled July 2l, 1913. Serial No, 780,291.

Tqavllgwhom it may concern.:

Beit known-that I, Josera Cnmunnwsnl, citizen of the Unitedi States residingy at Cleveland, 'in the county o f.V duyahoga and n State of Ohio, have Invented certain new. and `useful Improvements. in Aeroplanesg of .Wh ych the following lis a` specification.

'his invention relates to anaerial machine,"a1l substantiall as shown and de.-l

Fig. 8. l he, invention as thus shownbelop i to one of the larger types of aerial 'machl es or, iiers and requires approximately' a hundred and fifty horse ower engine ormotive ower to propel t e sameI through the air. 'lhe frame work, represented generally by f, beef any suitable material and built on the lines'shown, the essential'principles of construction being observed, and provides a e three deck machine as seen at l, and 3' ysuccessively from bottom to top. The lower deck in fact is erected upon two boats b as its base, which arey built togetheras one by theI frame work f of the machine'which conn'ectsA them in a rigid structure. The en- `'nes E are located 1n these side members or -bfats or in the holds thereof and are covered '40 in beneath the deck, as seen in Fig. 6, where they are entirely out of the way and housed against a all unfavorable condltionsl of weather and from possible untoward alr currents or disturbances. Power is taken olf.'

the said engines bymeans of belts. or lchains" 5 or their equivalent running on counter shaft 4, ande'belts'or sprocket chains, 'cfonvey'the power thence tothe propellerI shafts 7.'l The pro ellersPare hereinafter fully 'described'anil two or more maybe employed on each side of the machine, fore and aft, respectively, or there may 'also be an mtermediate propeller as shownjin Fig.' 4. 'lhe shaft firu'ns back to t'the rear of the machineI a's'ilso dees the' 'engine shaft beneath, and

chains' or'Y belts ti are' 'provided vat both ends;

e machine,

to, propel theboat in the water.

of said shafts, in. this instance, to convey the power, to 'the propeller blades. The boat alsoI has rollers or` wheels 'w 'at the front and at the' rear upon which it is adapted to run orA ride on land, and these wheels may be swung rearward and out of contact relations when they are-not used or the boat takes to the water. 4

The machine is perfectly balanced upon its boat. bottom and extends laterally in respect to said bottom at either side fully the width, of the boat and has said sidesrela- .tively abovefth'eboat and where they cannot dip 'in the waterv nor necessarily get wet when the boat isafloat upon the water. In that case the propellersP might be re uired avmg reference laga-in to the main frame and the twol decks2 and 3, it is to be further observed that the machine as thus constructed is a double bi-plane, with practically distinct front and rear members or portions but having said members or front and rear portions connected by continuous plane suraces m at the middle. The middle propeller blades l come centrally between the said two members 'in the open space at each side, where they are exposed at thetop and bottom and free to do their work, and the reverslng blades 8 arey positioned at both sides in the edges of these open spaces, front and rear, and adapted to reverse the machine as against the action of the forward conveying blades or propellers l?. The said Vreversing blades likewise derive their power through, suitable connections with the engines E, and have force enough Ito reverse the machine against the action of the blades Pwh'enunder pbwer. The said planes 2 and 3, front and rear, are rigidly connected by'suitable posts, stays and braces or' any preferred material for lightness and strength,'whetherlsolid or hollow, and wire stays 'especially are employed as shown and as' is now common inthis art. The said planes 2 and 3 are built rigidly into the frame work of themachine by theforegoing means and the propellers P have their axis in substantially the same plane as plane or deck 2, and each has its own shaft supported in suitable bearings' in frame f and driven'bv sprocket .chain or belt 6 from the engine driven counter' shaft 4 as above described.' -The latter shaft is located above the deck of the boat and a wire guard q of suitable strength and elevation affords pro`- `ltection to the persons about said deck.

or less immediate control by the operator` of the 'machine through suitably arranged hand mechanism. The turning or deviation of the machine in Hight is determined .mainly bythe said ailerons or planes-,While 5 the plane 'of-iight isfgoverned by theele- 20- vators E at the front of the machine. vThe said elevators, so-called, or Idevices for governing the elevation of the machine in flight, havev a suitable rudder 12A and are un'- der the immediate control 'of the aviator through suitable mechanism so as to' throw the same into one plane or another according as the machine is to rise or descend or fly-on a level. The rudder 12-is mounted for lateral pivoted movement and coperates with the aileronsvabove described in directing the machine into other than direct lines of travel. Suitable-ropes orv cables r1.5 over pulleys 16 and 17, or their equiv'af lent, control the said elevator.

rear of the machine, and these are of a buttery style or build, as lseen in Figs..2 and 3, wherein they are shown as standing normally at an angle of approximately 45 de-4 the transparent housing z, which incloses' the cabin c of the machine.

The said rudders may be operated together or separately, and the said Wings or rudders have means for operating them extending therefrom to the operators seat behind or Within the transparent housing k, as shown, the said operating means comprising the parts'indi cated by m and fn, and those directly connected therewith. Obviously any equivalent the said,

and sui'licient means for operating rudders may be employed.

The -four blade retarding propellers 8 on each side of the machine in addition to their function as retarders serve the importa-nt office of maintaining equilibrium When not in full flight. They also areuseful in starting to promote an upward or rising move-r ment because they are constructedand arranged to retard ,forward travel While they chine.

cabin e. Suitable rudders R are provided at the diate of said propellers.

assist in an upvvard movement of the ma- The short shafts carrying the pro-v pellers l? are provided with ball bearings to cause them'to operate with the minimum of friction. v

Referring now particularly to Figsf'to 10, it Will beiseen that the blades of the proouter larger orend portion, Where itgcurves* up rather sharply from. the back tothe front of the blade. This constructionmakes the said blades exceptionally effective as pro.. 'peller's on account of the extra deep dip they take'onthe air, which contributesmaterially and the middle declr, and the centralrigid tothe buoyancy of the machine.. vThe cabin. 'c is located between the lower or boat declr:

thel top' of the machine and has the sides ,a

which carry the propellers andother Working parts built rigidly thereon ortherewith and constituting what practically amount to wings withA dual planes Zand 3 at different 1,

elevations. The said Wings,so-called, also are 'wholly outside'of the sides of-said boatsv and .relatively abovetheplane thereof and of the cabin c, so that when the boats are floating in Water the machinery-driven rby the engines therein is Wholly above the Water lineas also are the propellers P and the hat I claim is: c 1 y l. An aerial machinev of the double biplane type having a pair of boats in its bottom andvfing portions at its sides divided into front land rear portions, propeller and retarding blades respectively located in the space between said .front and rear portions `andA a source of vpower in-said boats opera-A tively connected with said blades.

2. An vaerial machine having a.' plurality of boats built into the bottom thereof, power engines' in the holds of said boats'. a cabin relatively between "and above said boats and Wings having front 'and rear portions relatively above said cabin and propellers intermediate of said wings in poWer'rela-tion with said engines. i

3. An aerial machine havinga pair opfboats in its bottom anda cabin built onto 4. An aerial machine having boats built into its base and the body thereof having its sides relatively above' the plane of the said boats and extending laterally each side of said boats, a cabin located centrally above In testimon whereof I allix my signature said boats and between the saine and beneath in presence of two witnesses.

the plane of the said body, propeller blades JOSEPH CHMIELEWSKI. mounted in the sides of said body, between Witnesses: 5 the front and rear portions thereof and en-l F. C. MUssUN,

gnes in power relation With said propellers. E. M. FISHER. 

